Bladder cancer is a type of cancer that begins when cells in the bladder undergo genetic mutations. Cancer in the bladder, which is a hollow organ in the lower abdomen, affects 50,000 adults worldwide each year. It is commonly diagnosed in men but is rarer in women. Early diagnosis may help treatment be more effective. If you’re concerned about bladder cancer, here is more information about the symptoms, risk factors, and diagnostic approaches:
What Is Bladder Cancer?
There are three types of bladder cancer, including transitional cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Bladder cancers develop when cells in the bladder lining begin to grow uncontrollably. These abnormal cells may form tumors, which can interfere with bladder function. The most common type of bladder cancer is transitional cell carcinoma, which starts in the urothelial cells lining the bladder.
People with cancer in the bladder might notice symptoms such as blood in the urine or changes in urination patterns. Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is often one of the first detectable signs. Sometimes, the urine may appear pink, red, or cola-colored. Other symptoms can include frequent urination, pain during urination, or feeling an urgent need to urinate even when the bladder is not full. While these symptoms are often linked to other, less serious conditions, they should not be ignored.
Who Is at Risk?
Several factors can increase the risk of developing bladder cancer. Smoking is one of the leading risk factors. Prolonged exposure to workplace chemicals, such as those used in factories producing dyes, rubber, leather, or certain textiles, is another factor associated with this cancer.
Age and gender also play a role. Bladder cancer occurs most often in older adults, although younger individuals can also be affected. It is more commonly diagnosed in men than in women. A history of bladder infections or chronic urinary tract issues may also contribute to an individual’s risk.
How Is It Diagnosed and Treated?
Diagnosing cancer in the bladder begins with evaluating an individual’s symptoms and medical history. A doctor may recommend tests, such as a urinalysis or urine cytology, to check for abnormalities in urine samples. Imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs might be used to visualize the bladder and surrounding areas for signs of tumors. A procedure called cystoscopy allows specialists to examine the bladder lining using a thin, flexible camera.
Treatment options depend on several factors, including the stage of the cancer and the patient’s overall health. Early-stage cancer can often be treated with procedures that remove the tumors from the bladder lining. Advanced stages may require surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of treatments to address the spread of cancer cells.
Stay Proactive About Your Health
Bladder cancer is a condition that affects many adults, but early detection and appropriate care can help make a difference. Understanding the symptoms and risk factors is a step toward improving awareness and receiving timely medical evaluation. Speak with a healthcare provider, such as an oncologist, if you notice any concerning changes in your urinary habits or experience persistent symptoms.
